The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS First Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec. 2018, Dec. 2019 and Dec. 2020

COURSE NO **PSRSGTC-101
TITLE: Information Technology in Remote sensing and GIS
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit-1
1.1 Introduction: Hardware, software and data,
1.2 Software: System, application, enterprise, free ware, open source
1.3 Coding: ASCII, UNICODE,
1.4 DBMS, logical data model, physical and logical views, spatial databases available for natural resources and terrain.

Unit-2
2.1 Communication systems, wired and wireless communication, communication types
2.2 Major types of networks-LAN, WAN, MAN etc, Topologies
2.3 Internet, WWW, web server, client, web browser,
2.4 TCP/IP Protocol Suite, IP Address.

Unit-3
3.1 Introduction to C: keywords, data types, variables, constants, expressions.
3.2 Operators: Mathematical, Unary, Binary, Relational and Logical operators, Operator precedence and associativity
3.3 Conditional Control statements: if statement, if else statement, nested if statement, if else if ladder and Ternary operator, Switch case statement.
3.4 Looping control Statements: While loop, Do while Loop, For loop, Nested loops.

Unit-4
4.1 Functions: Definition, Types of Function, Scope, Call by Value.
4.2 Pointers: Declaration, Definition, Indirection, Arithmetic, Call by Reference.
4.3 Single dimensional arrays: Definition, Declaration, Accessing, Passing to function.
4.4 Double dimensional arrays: Definition, Declaration, Accessing, Passing to function.

Unit-5
5.1 Strings: Declaration, Initialization, Accessing, Passing to function, declaring and accessing array of strings
5.2 Standard and library functions: string length, string copy, finding substring, concatenating strings etc
5.3 Structures & Unions: Declaring, Initializing and Accessing structures, passing structures to functions
5.4 Files: File opening modes, Opening and closing a data file, Reading, Writing

TEXT BOOKS:
Introduction to Information Technology
By EFRAIM TURBAN, R. KELLY RAINER and RICHARD E. POTTER Published by John Wiley & Sons.
Computer Networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Gottrfrield, B.S.: Programming with C, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
Programming in C by Jamwal Shubhnandan, Pearson Publication
E. Balaguruswamy: Programming in ANSIC, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS First Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec. 2018, Dec. 2019 and Dec. 2020

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC–102
TITLE: Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit – 1
1.1 Remote Sensing – history & development, definition, concept and principles
1.2 Energy Resources, radiation principles, EM Radiation and EM Spectrum
1.3 Black body radiation, Laws of radiation
1.4 Interaction of EMR with atmosphere and Earth’s surface

Unit – 2
2.1 Platforms – Types and their characteristics
2.2 Satellites and their characteristics – Geo-stationary and sun-synchronous
2.3 Earth Resources Satellites -LANDSAT, SPOT, IRS, IKONOS satellite series
2.4 Meteorological satellites – INSAT, NOAA, GOES

Unit –3
3.1 Sensors – Types and their characteristics, Across track (whiskbroom) and Along track (pushbroom) scanning
3.2 Optical mechanical scanners – MSS, TM, LISS, WiFS, PAN
3.3 Concept of Resolution – Spatial, Spectral, Temporal , Radiometric
3.4 Basic concept and principles of Thermal , microwave and hyperspectral sensing

Unit – 4
4.1 Basic principles, types, steps and elements of image interpretation
4.2 Techniques of visual interpretation and interpretation keys
4.3 Multidate, multispectral and multidisciplinary concepts
4.4 Instruments for visual interpretation

Unit – 5
5.1 Remote Sensing Data Products and their procurement
5.2 Ground Truth Collection – Spectral Signatures
5.3 Commonly used Ground Truth equipments - use of Radiometers
5.4 Display Forms – Computer printouts, Thematic maps, dot density maps

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Campbell, J.B.2002: Introduction to Remote sensing. Taylor Publications
Drury, S.A., 1987: Image Interpretation in Geology. Allen and Unwin
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag
Jensen, J.R. 2000: Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall.
Joseph George, 2003 : Fundamentals of remote sensing. Universities Press
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley.
Sabbins, F.F., 1985: Remote sensing Principles and interpretation. W.H.Freeman and company

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS First Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec. 2018, Dec. 2019 and Dec. 2020

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 103
TITLE: Aerial Photography and Photogrammetry
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit – 1
1.1 Introduction to aerial photography – Basic information and specifications of aerial photographs
1.2 Planning and execution of photographic flights
1.3 Aerial cameras – Types and their characteristics
1.4 Aerial film negative and its processing- completion of photographic task

Unit –2
2.1 Introduction – Definition and terms in Photogrammetry
2.2 Types of aerial photographs
2.3 Geometry of Aerial Photographs
2.4 Introduction to digital photogrammetry- Orthophotos and digital orthophotography

Unit – 3
3.1 Theory of orientation relationship between image and corresponding ground coordinates, collinearlity and coplanarity of aerial photographs
3.2 Aerial mosaics, scale of aerial photographs and its determination
3.3 Stereovision and stereoscopes, stereoscopic exaggeration, concept of omega, phi and kappa
3.4 Stereoscopic parallax and Parallax equations

Unit - 4
4.1 Making measurements from aerial photographs, Measurement of height from Aerial Photograph
4.2 Relief displacement of vertical features and its determination
4.3 Vertical exaggeration and slopes – Factor affecting vertical exaggeration and its determination
4.4 Elements of photo interpretation , Symbols and colour schemes used in photo interpretation

Unit – 5
5.1 Principles of stereo photogrammetry and digital photogrammetry
5.2 Model deformation and rectification
5.3 Simple plotting Instruments – simple and stereoplotters
5.4 Aerial triangulation, control and mapping

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen, J.R. 2000 : Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation , John Wiley.
Miller, V.C., 1961: Photogeology. McGraw Hill.
Moffitt, F.H. and Mikhail, E.M., 1980. Photogrammetry, Harper and Row,
Paine, D.P.,1981: Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation for Resource Management. John Wiley.
Pandey, S.N.,1987: Principles and Applications of Photogeology. Wiley Eastern,.
Rampal K.K. 1999: Hand book of aerial photography and interpretation. Concept publication

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS First Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec. 2018, Dec. 2019 and Dec. 2020

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 104
TITLE: Cartography and Global Positioning System
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit – 1
1.1 Introduction to cartography, nature and scope of cartography
1.2 Digital cartography - elements of digital cartography Relation between digital cartography, RS & GIS
1.3 Conventional mapping VS Digital mapping
1.4 Scale, reference and coordinate system

Unit – 2
2.1 Cartographic transformations and reasons for transforming cartographic data
2.2 Map Projection – concept and classification
2.3 Azimuthal, cylindrical , conical and rectangular projection system
2.4 Choice of map projection – Satellite image and map projection

Unit – 3
3.1 Mechanics of map construction - Principles of drawing, Base materials -Instruments
3.2 Cartographic design - map design principles, symbolisation and layout
3.3 Study of different types of maps, Survey of India national series maps, layout and Numbering of topographical maps
3.4 Thematic maps and base maps

Unit – 4
4.1 Representation of natural and cultural features, relief representations
4.2 Map digitization and Map Compilation
4.3 Fair drawing and editing of maps
4.4 Map reproduction process

Unit – 5
5.1 Introduction to Global Positioning System (GPS) – Fundamental concepts
5.2 GPS system elements and signals
5.3 Classification of GPS receivers
5.4 GPS measurements and accuracy of GPS

COURSE NO. PSRSGPC – 105
TITLE: PRACTICALS RELATING TO COURSE No. **PSRSGTC-101 and PSRSGTC-102
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 4 hours

MS OFFICE
i) MS OFFICE
ii) MS EXCEL
iii)MS ACCESS

Internet and html
i) Elementary C programming
ii) Working knowledge of GIS softwares

• Study of satellite image, Border information and marking Reference System
• Analysis of spectral reflectance curves
• Visual interpretation of satellite images
• Interpretation of different resolution IRS satellite images – LISS III, PAN and WIFS
• Interpretation of cultural details from IRS image

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 106
TITLES: PRACTICALS RELATING TO COURSE No. PSRSGTC-103 and PSRSGTC-104
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 4 hours

• Stereo Test and Orientation of Aerial Photograph
• Determination of photo scale
• Use of parallax bar, determination of heights
• Preparation of photo line index
• Identification of features on single vertical aerial photographs
• Visual interpretation of satellite images and aerial photographs
• Study of SOI topographic sheets
• Calculation of Map Numbering System
• Base map preparation
• Handling of GPS, data collection and integration of GPS Data

REMOTE SENSING FIELD WORK (GPS SURVEY)

• Familiarisation with GPS Receiver and to know the set up unit
• Initialisation of the system in the field
• To get aquainted with the various functions of the GPS
• Using GPS with map & compass
• Area calculation by GPS
• Navigation by way points
• Navigation by track points
• Transfer of way points
• Map preparation and map upgradation

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Second Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of May 2019, May 2020 and May 2021

COURSE NO: **PSRSGTC – 201
TITLE: APPLIED STATISTICS
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit I:
1.1 Statistical data: types and sources, discrete and continuous series, scales of measurement, measures of location and dispersion
1.2 Skewness, moments and kurtosis.
1.3 Matrix algebra: types and properties of matrices, addition, subtraction,multiplication, inverse of a matrix.
1.4 Time series – definition, components (trend, seasonal, irregular and cyclical), forecasting based on Moving average, single exponential smoothing, trend fitting (linear and exponential growth)

Unit II:
2.1 Correlation: introduction, types, properties, product moment and rank Correlation.
2.2 Simple linear regression with examples (using SPSS/Excel software)
2.3 Multiple and partial correlation: concept, computation for three variables only.
2.4 Introduction to sampling, sampling techniques, sample size determination

Unit III:
3.1 Random variable-discrete and continuous, concept of classical probability and probability distribution ,simple applications.
3.2 Mathematical expectation and related elementary results.
3.3 Standard discrete distributions- binomial and poisson with applications
3.4 Normal distributions with applications of standard normal curve, exponential distribution with examples.

Unit IV:
4.1 Concept of sampling distribution and standard error. sampling distribution of mean.
4.2 Concept of Hypothesis - The Elements of a Test of Hypothesis - Basic Concepts – Null and Alternative Hypotheses - Type I and Type II Errors – Test statistic .
4.3 Point and interval estimation, hypothesis, two types of error, level of significance and concept of confidence level.
4.4 Chi square test for goodness of fit and test of independence

Unit V:
5.1 Concept of analysis of variance(ANOVA), ANOVA with one way and two way classification
5.2 Introduction to design of experiment, CRD and RBD.
5.3 Introduction to multivariate techniques like multiple regression and multiple correlation, MANOVA, PCA, discriminant analysis and factor analysis concepts only
5.4 Case studies on multivariate analysis through SPSS/Excel software..

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Paul L. Meyer: Introductory Probability and statistical Applications, Adsion Wesley.
2. Kapoor and Gupta: Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, S Chand and Sons.
3. Kapoor and Gupta: Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S Chand and Sons.
4. Shanti Narayan: Textbook of Matrices, S.Chand and Co.
5. R.A.Johnson: Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Pearson.

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Second Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of May 2019, May 2020 and May 2021

COURSE NO: PRSGTC – 202 TITLE: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit – 1
1.1 Introduction to digital image processing- Concept of digital image, steps in DIP
1.2 Image processing systems –hardware and software considerations
1.3 Digitization of photographic image , converting digital image to visual form image
1.4 Digital image data formats, Image data storage and retrieval

Unit – 2
2.1 Image registration – definition principle and procedure
2.2 Fundamental of image recertification, interpolation, intensity interpolation.
2.3 Radiometric & geometric correction of remotely sensed data
2.4 Basic statistical concept in DIP and use of probability methods in DIP

Unit – 3
3.1 Image enhancement Techniques - an overview
3.2 Contrast Enhancement - Linear and non linear, Histogram equalisation and Density slicing
3.3 Spatial filtering and Edge enhancement
3.4 Multi image manipulation – addition, subtraction and Band rationing

Unit 4
4.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
4.2 Enhancement by using colours – advantages, Types of colour enhancements
4.3 BGR – coding and generation of FCC’s
4.4 Image transformation – Intensity Hue Saturation (IHS)

Unit – 5
5.1 Pattern recognition and image classification, unsupervised classification – advantage, disadvantage and limitations, supervised classification - training site selection, classifiers used in supervised
5.2 Fuzzy classifier, hybrid classifier, decision tree classification and data minning classification – minimum distance to mean, parallelepiped, maximum likelihood
5.3 Classification accuracy assessment (error matrix and kappa coefficient)
5.4 High resolution and Hyperspectral image analysis

BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Drury, S.A., 1987: Image Interpretation in Geology. Allen and Unwin
Gibson, P.J. 2000: Digital Image Processing. Routledge Publication
Gupta, R.P., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Joseph George, 2003: Fundamentals of remote sensing. Universities Press
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley.
Nag P. and Kudrat M. 1998: Digital Remote Sensing. Concept Publication
Pratt.W.K. 2004: Digital Image processing. John Wiley
Sabbins, F.F., 1985: Remote sensing Principles and interpretation. W.H.Freeman and company

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Second Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of May 2019, May 2020 and May 2021

COURSE NO: PRSGTC – 203
TITLE: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit - 1
1.1 Introduction to GIS – definitions, concept and history of developments in the field of information systems
1.2 Computer fundamentals for GIS
1.3 Hardware and software requirements for GIS
1.4 Coordinate System and Projections in GIS – Conic, cylindrical and planner

Unit – 2
2.1 Data structure and formats
2.2 Spatial data models – Raster and Vector,data inputting & GIS
2.3 Spatial data quality and uncertainty
2.4 Data base design - editing and topology creation in GIS, Linkage between spatial and non spatial data

Unit – 3
3.1 Spatial data analysis – significance and type, Attribute Query, spatial query
3.2 Vector based spatial data analysis
3.3 Raster based spatial data analysis- local, neighborhood, regional & global operations,
3.4 Buffer analysis, network analysis

Unit – 4
4.1 Data quality and sources of errors
4.2 Integration of RS and GIS data
4.3 Digital Elevation Model and derivation of parameters
4.4 Data analysis and modeling in GIS– types of GIS modeling

Unit – 5
5.1 Open sources software, free software and cloud computing
5.2 Decision support systems
5.3 Overview of image processing & GIS Packages – ARC GIS, ERDAS, MAP INFO, ILWIS, GEOMEDIA, IDRISI, GRASS, SAGA, QGIS
5.4 Recent trends in GIS – AM/FM, Virtual 3D GIS, Mobile GIS, OLAP, Internet GIS, Open GIS

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Anji Reddy, M. 2004 : Geoinformatics for environmental management.B.S. Publications
Chang.T.K. 2002 : Geographic Information Systems. Tata McGrawHill
Heywood.I, Cornelius S, CrverSteve. 2003: An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems. Pearson Education
Ram Mohan Rao. 2002: Geographical Information Systems. Rawat Publication.
Skidmore A.2002: Environmental modeling with GIS and Remote Sensing. Taylor and Francis
Tar Bernhardsen. Geographical Information Systems. John Wiley.
Wise S.2002: GIS Basics. Taylor Publications
ESRI Map book: GIS the Language of Geography by ESRI-USA ESRI-2004
Satellite Geodesy: Gunter Seeba

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Second Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of May 2019, May 2020 and May 2021

COURSE NO: PSRSGTC – 204
TITLES: THERMAL AND MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit 1
1.1 Thermal radiation principles, thermal process and properties
1.2 Characteristics of thermal IR images and Factors affecting thermal images
1.3 Interaction of thermal radiation with terrain elements
1.4 Multispectral thermal data

Unit 2
2.1 Thermal image and types of available data products & qualitative interpretation,
2.2 Semi quantitative analysis
2.3 Temperature mapping with thermal scanner data, applications of thermal sensing
2.4 Information extraction from thermal mapping

Unit 3
3.1 Introduction to microwave remote sensing – Concept and principle, backscattering ,cross section Wavelength, incidence angle, aspect angle, aircraft radar system.
3.2 Interactions between radar and surface materials - complex dielectric properties, roughness polarization
3.3 Passive & active microwave sensors
3.4 Application of microwave remote sensing and microwave image interpretation.

Unit – 4
4.1 Side looking airborne radar (SLAR), geometric characteristics, components, wavelengths range and azimuth resolution.
4.2 Synthetics real aperture radar system
4.3 Transmission characteristics of radar signals and other radar image characteristics
4.4 Radar image interpretation

Unit – 5
5.1 Physics of laser, laser interaction with objects.
5.2 Platform of laser scanning (ground, air, space)
5.3 Fundamentals of radar interferometry
5.4 LIDAR – components of LIDAR system, type of LIDAR (topographic, bathymetric)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Drury, S.A., 1987: Image Interpretation in Geology. Allen and Unwin
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen, J.R. 2000: Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Joseph George, 2003: Fundamentals of remote sensing. Universities Press
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley.
Sabbins, F.F., 1985: Remote sensing Principles and interpretation. W.H. Freeman and company

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COURSE NO. PSRSGPC – 205
TITLE: PRACTICALS RELATING TO COURSE No. **PSRSGTC-201 and PSRSGTC-202
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 4 hours

• Frequency distribution , moments of distribution
• Matrix Algebria: types and properties of Matrices, addition, subtraction, Multiplication, Inverse
• Correlation: concepts and methods
• Regression: Bi-variate, Linear
• Exponential and Power
• Multivariate , Principle component analysis
• Normal, Binomial, Poison
• Introduction to Boolean and Fuzzy logic
• Pattern analysis, measures of arrangement & dispersion Autocorrelation, semivariogram Analysis

Following tasks to be done using ERDAS image processing software:

• Free download Images such as Landsat (ETM+, OLI/TRS), MODIS, NOAA, IKNOS, IRS downland such as SRTM, GTOPO, ASTER, CARTOSAT
• To load digital data and to convert image data
• Display of B&W and FCC using ERDAS
• File management- raster layer and layer information
• Image enhancements – spectral, radiometric and spatial
• Look up table and histogram manipulation
• Low pass filters, High pass filters, band ratioing, Principal Component analysis
• Geometric correction and mosaicing of image
• Vector functions – attribute querry
• Data import and export
• Georeferencing and geometric correction
• Unsupervised classification
• Supervised classification
• Use of model maker for band rationing
• Map Composition

COURSE NO. PSRSGPC – 206
TITLE: PRACTICALS RELATING TO COURSE No. PSRSGTC-203 and PSRSGTC-204
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 4 hours

• Calculation of at satellite radiance and true surface radiance from thermal imagery
• Computation of brightness temperature from thermal imagery
• Calculation of emissivity fractional vegetation cover
• Calculation of land surface temperature
• Radar Image Interpretation
• Processing of radar image: speckle removal through different filters
• Familiarisation with ARC GIS software
• Georeferencing in ARC GIS
• Digitization and layer creation
• Data input, data editing and topology creation
• Editing the layers (use of snap tolerance, remove over lap, gaps etc.)
• Non spatial data entry
• Linking spatial and non spatial data
• Create new table, add field to table, add record to table, calculate area and perimeter
• Buffer analysis and Querry analysis (Selection by location and selection by attributes)
• Overlay analysis
• Net work analysis – Finding the shortest route between two places, finding the optimum path etc.
• Output map generation

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Third Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec.2019, Dec.2020 and Dec.2021

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 301
TITLE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN GEOSCIENCES
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit – 1
1.1 Remote Sensing in geology – an overview
1.2 Basic concept of geomorphology, earth surface process and resultant landforms
1.3 Spectral characteristics of rocks and minerals
1.4 Drainage patterns – types and its significance in geologic interpretation

Unit -2
2.1 Interpretation of drainage patterns through aerial photographs and satellite images
2.2 Interpretation of landforms due to folding and faulting, geomorphic indices of active tectonics
2.3 Interpretation of fluvial landforms
2.4 Interpretation of glacial, coastal,eolian and volcanic landforms

Unit - 3
3.1 Interpretation of Karst landforms
3.2 Interpretation of structural and denudational landforms – cuesta, hogback , butte, mesa etc.
3.3 Interpretation of landforms related to igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
3.4 Geomorphological mapping and terrain evaluation

Unit – 4
4.1 Lithological interpretation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
4.2 Structure – definition, types and structural mapping Interpretation of folds, faults, unconformities and lineaments
4.3 Tectonics- active and neotectonics in Northwest Himalaya
4.4 Tectonics landforms mapping and analysis using remote and digital terrain model

Unit – 5
5.1 Remote Sensing in Mineral exploration - An Overview and application of Remote Sensing in Mineral Exploration – Indian Examples
5.2 Remote Sensing in Oil Exploration – Features helpful in detection of target areas for oil exploration
5.3 Engineering geological Investigation , Alignment studies – roads, tunnels, canals etc Site selection studies – Dams, bridges, highways, airstrips etc
5.4 Natural disaster mapping and management.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Drury, S.A., 1987: Image Interpretation in Geology. Allen and Unwin
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen,J.R. 2000 : Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation , John Wiley.
Paine, D.P.,1981: Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation for Resource Management. John Wiley.
Pandey, S.N.,1987: Principles and Applications of Photogeology. Wiley Eastern,.
Miller, V.C., 1961: Photogeology. McGraw Hill.
Ray, R.G., 1969: Aerial Photographs in geologic Interpretations. USGS Prof, Paper 373.
Sabbins, F.F., 1985: Remote sensing Principles and interpretation. W.H.Freeman and company
Skidmore A.2002: Environmental modeling with GIS and Remote Sensing. Taylor and Francis

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Third Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec.2019, Dec.2020 and Dec.2021

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 302
TITLE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN WATER RESOURCES
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit 1
1.1 Basic concept of water resources: Hydrological cycle, Darcy’s law
1.2 Porosity, permeability, transmissibility, specific yield, specific retention and hydraulic conductivity
1.3 Issues in water resources development, management and utilization
1.4 Spectral characteristics of water and Relevance of RS techniques for hydrological investigations

Unit – 2
2.1 Remote sensing in Ground water exploration and factors affecting ground water occurrence
2.2 Types of aquifers , aquiclude, aquitard and aquifuge and Location of aquifers
2.3 Drainage mapping and Morphometric analysis
2.4 Digital elevation model (DEM) in hydrological modeling

Unit – 3
3.1 Remote Sensing in evaluating hydrogeological features and elements
3.2 Ground water targetting in various terrain types - hard rock terrain and in alluvial terrain
3.3 Water harvesting structures and optimum site selection for rain water harvesting
3.4 Significance of geological mapping of rocks and structures and their hydrological properties in groundwater exploration.

Unit –4
4.1 Watershed management- introduction, philosophy and concept and Role of Remote Sensing in watershed conservation, planning and management
4.2 Watershed characterisation and mapping
4.3 Runoff estimates from watersheds & GIS database for watershed management
4.4 Groundwater flow, surface and groundwater interaction, control and occurrence of groundwater movement

Unit – 5
5.1 Snow – Snow in visible spectrum, middle infrared and microwave regions, Snow Mapping
5.2 Flood and flood plain mapping and zoning
5.3 Water quality monitoring and Hydrogeological modeling using RS and GIS
5.4 Groundwater resources estimation and production

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Anji Reddy, M. 2004 : Geoinformatics for environmental management.B.S. Publications
Chow, V.T., 1988: Advances in Hydro science McGraw Hill
Drury, S.A., 1987: Image Interpretation in Geology. Allen and Unwin
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen,J.R. 2000 : Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Karanth, K.R., 1987: Groundwater Assessment-Development and Management. Tata McGraw Hill.
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley.
Miller, V.C., 1961: Photogeology. McGraw Hill.
Paine, D.P.,1981: Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation for Resource Management. John Wiley.
Pandey, S.N.,1987: Principles and Applications of Photogeology. Wiley Eastern,.
Sabbins, F.F., 1985: Remote sensing Principles and interpretation. W.H.Freeman and company
Todd, D.K., 1980: Groundwater Hydrology. John Wiley
Rajora, R., 2003: Integrated Watershed Management. Rawat Publication

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Third Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec.2019, Dec.2020 and Dec.2021

COURSE NO. PSRSGTE – 303
TITLE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN AGRICULTURE SOIL AND LAND EVALUATION STUDIES
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit -1
1.1 Remote Sensing in Agriculture – An Overview
1.2 Spectral characteristics of crops and factors affecting spectral signatures of crops
1.3 Principles of crop identification and Crop acreage estimation
1.4 Crop yield modelling using Remote Sensing

Unit – 2
2.1 Crop condition and stress assessment using RS techniques
2.2 RS and GIS applications in Crop inventory
2.3 Agro-meteorology – its importance and application of RS in agro-meteorology
2.4 Drought assessment and monitoring through Remote Sensing

Unit –3
3.1 Distribution of soil types in India and introduction of remote sensing in soil survey
3.2 Soil morphology and classification.
3.3 Salt affected soil and mapping of salt affected soil using remote sensing
3.4 Wasteland mapping and management using remote sensing
Unit –4
4.1 Relationship of rock types and geomorphology to soil types
4.2 Soil erosion and erosion hazard assessment through Remote sensing
4.3 Soil moisture assessment using RS
4.4 Soil mapping using aerial and satellite remote sensing data

Unit – 5
5.1 Land degradation-degraded soils ,their identification and mapping of degraded lands
5.2 Land use / land cover – Basic concept and classification
5.3 Land use / land cover mapping through remote sensing
5.4 Land evaluation for optimal land use planning

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Anji Reddy, M. 2004 : Geoinformatics for environmental management.B.S. Publications
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen,J.R. 2000 : Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation , John Wiley.
Skidmore A.2002: Environmental modeling with GIS and Remote Sensing. Taylor and Francis

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Third Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of Dec.2019, Dec.2020 and Dec.2021

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 304 TITLE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN FORESTRY
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit – 1
1.1 Forest: Introduction and distribution of forests
1.2 Forest types of India
1.3 Forestry: Introduction and concept of forestry
1.4 Role of RS and GIS in forestry

Unit – 2
2.1 Interaction of EMR with vegetation and spectral characteristics of vegetation
2.2 Temporal characteristics of Vegetation
2.3 Vegetation indices
2.4 Forest cover mapping through RS and GIS

Unit – 3

3.1 Forest types and forest density mapping
3.2 Remote Sensing application in forest cover change detection
3.3 Remote Sensing application in mapping of stressed vegetation
3.4 Study of association between rock and forest types using RS and GIS

Unit – 4
4.1 Role of Microwave Remote Sensing in forest studies
4.2 Biomass estimation by non destructive method
4.3 Growing stock estimation using RS and GIS
4.4 Remote Sensing application in formulation of forest working plan

Unit – 5
5.1 Bio diversity studies using RS and GIS
5.2 Wildlife habitat analysis using RS and GIS
5.3 Biological invasion and monitoring of invasive species through RS and GIS
5.4 Forest Management Information System (FMIS)

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Anji Reddy,M. 2004 : Geoinformatics for environmental management.B.S. Publications
Franklin S.E. 2001. Remote Sensing for sustainable forest management. Lewis Publication
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen,J.R. 2000 : Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley.

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Unit – 1
1.1 Overview of remote sensing: definition, concept, history & scope.
1.2 Satellite characteristics, satellite for earth observation studies and planetary mission.
1.3 Concept of sensor resolution, spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric resolution.
1.4 Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). Interactions of EMR with atmosphere, interaction of EMR with earth’s surface features; vegetation, water and soil.

Unit – 2
2.1. Principles of visual image interpretation: elements of visual image interpretation, importance and factors governing the interpretability
2.2. Data reception and data transmission, data quality and sources of remote sensing data
2.3. Spectral signatures: homogeneity/heterogeneity, size, statistical inference
2.4. Ground truth collection: importance, methods, and ground truth details

Unit – 3

3.1. Digital Image processing (DIP): Introduction and DIP systems
3.2. Digital data and storage formats (BSQ, BIL and BIP)
3.3. Statistics and digital image processing particularly histogram and scatter plots
3.4. Pre-processing of satellite data (radiometric and geometric corrections)

Unit – 4
4.1. Concept of image classification: supervised, unsupervised classification
4.2. Classification algorithms: maximum likelihood, distance to mean, parallel piped.
4.3. Classification accuracy: error matrix, errors of commission and omissions, kappa statistics
4.4. Advanced classification techniques

Unit – 5
5.1 Application of remote sensing in disaster management (landslides, flood, draught, earthquake)
5.2. Applications of remote sensing in agriculture sciences (crop acreage estimation, cropping Patterns/monitoring)
5.3. Applications of remote sensing in natural resources management
5.4. Applications of remote sensing in forestry and ecology

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Lillesand and Kiefer: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis, John A. Richards: Springer-Verlag, 1993
Introductory Digital Image Processing, A Remote Sensing Perspective, John R. Jensen, Prentice Hall Digital Image Processing, R.C. Gonzales, R. E. Woods: Addison Wesley, 1993
Techniques for Image Processing and Classification in Remote Sensing, R. A. Schowengerdt: Academic Press, 1983
International Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), Taylor and Francis UK
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, US
Asian Journal of Geoinformatics, Asian Society on Remote Sensing
Indian Journal of Remote Sensing, Indian Society of Remote Sensing

COURSE NO. PSRSGPC – 306
TITLE: PRACTICALS RELATING TO COURSE No. PSRSGTC-301 and PSRSGTC-302
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 4 hours

• Visual interpretation of satellite images and aerial photographs to study the following: Geomorphology, lithology, geology and strcuture
• Digital image processing for the study of geomorphology, structure, and lineaments
• Geomorphic mapping
• Lineament mapping
• Structural mapping
• Route location
• Dam site location studies
• Digital Terrain Modelling
• Drainage mapping
• Morphometric analysis
• Estimation of potential evapotranspiration and water balance through empirical equation
• Hydromorphologeologic interpretation
• Preparation of groundwater potential zone maps

COURSE NO. PSRSGPC – 307
TITLE: PRACTICALS RELATING TO COURSE No. PSRSGTC-303 and PSRSGTC-304
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 4 hours

• Land use / land cover mapping
• Identification of degraded lands
• Land utilization mapping
• Soil mapping
• Crop estimation studies
• Identification of forest species from aerial photographs
• Vegetation mapping from satellite images
• Digital image enhancements for vegetation/forest
• NDVI analysis
• Digital classification for forest cover mapping
• Forest change detection studies

REMOTE SENSING FIELD WORK (GROUND TRUTH)
Prefield preparations

• Preparation of various thematic maps in the lab
• Unsupervised classification in the lab for land use classes

Field work

• Filed validation of the above mentioned themes and maps in the field
• Study of the different signatures for the different land use classes in the field.
• Ground truth collection
• Any other relevant data collection in the field

Post Field work in the lab

• Training site selection for supervised classification
• DEM generation
• Thematic maps correction after the filed checking
• Report submission

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Fourth Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of May 2020, May 2021 and May 2022

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 401
TITLE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN HUMAN SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit – 1
1.1 Remote Sensing in Human settlement and urban planning – An Overview
1.2 Principles of urban area development planning and land use
1.3 Data requirement for regional planning and Urban/Sub-urban resolutions considerations
1.4 Large scale mapping for cadastral database in urban areas

Unit – 2
2.1 Settlement patterns – Image characterisation and recognition
2.2 Rural settlements - detection, interpretation, delineation and analysis
2.3 Urban settlements - detection, interpretation, delineation and analysis
2.4 Slum, squatter settlement - detection, interpretation, delineation and analysis

Unit - 3
3.1 Urban land use classification
3.2 Urban land use mapping and analysis
3.3 Residential land use, Commercial land use and Industrial land use
3.4 Urban land conservation using remote sensing

Unit – 4
4.1 Remote sensing in monitoring master plan / new town development area
4.2 Transportation/ road network analysis through RS and GIS
4.3 Site selection and suitability analysis for urban development
4.4 Urban Sprawl and change detection studies

Unit – 5
5.1 Methods of population estimation using remote sensing
5.2 Remote sensing applications in regional and district level planning
5.3 Database design & analysis for urban and regional resource mapping
5.4 Urban hazards and risk management through RS and GIS

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Anji Reddy,M. 2004 : Geoinformatics for environmental management.B.S. Publications
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen,J.R. 2000 : Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John Wiley.

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS Fourth Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of May 2020, May 2021 and May 2022

COURSE NO. PSRSGTC – 402
TITLE: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit –1
1.1 Ecological, biological aspects of Environment
1.2 Environmental Pollution and types of environmental pollution
1.3 Change detection studies with the help of multi temporal data
1.4 Remote Sensing in pollution monitoring

Unit – 2
2.1 Water quality mapping and monitoring - Introduction
2.2 Remote sensing in water quality mapping monitoring and management
2.3 Solid waste management – introduction classification and environmental problems
2.4 Remote sensing and GIS in solid waste management & waste water management

Unit – 4
4.1 Natural Disasters – Introduction and types
4.2 Disaster management cycle and role of Remote Sensing and GIS in disasters management
4.3 Remote Sensing and GIS application in Hazard zonation mapping
4.4 Remote Sensing and GIS application in post disasters

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Anji Reddy, M. 2004: Geoinformatics for environmental management.B.S. Publications
Gupta, R.P.., 1990: Remote Sensing Geology. Springer Verlag.
Jensen, J. R. 2000: Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth resource Perspective. Prentice Hall
Lillesand, T.M., and Kieffer, R.M., 1987: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation , John Wiley.
Skidmore A.2002: Environmental modeling with GIS and Remote Sensing. Taylor and Francis

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The Syllabi M.Sc Remote Sensing and GIS First Semester for the Examination to be held in the year of May 2020, May 2021 and May 2022

COURSE NO..*PSRSGTO – 403
TITLE: Fundamentals of Geographic Information System
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 3 hours

Unit –1
1.1 Introduction- definition, historical perspective, components of GIS and types of GIS
1.2 Technology trends in GIS, relationship between geoinformatics, information technology and sensor technology, distributing computing (cloud GIS, SDI)
1.3 Concept of data, geographic data sources (Remote Sensing, GPS, maps and field observations)
1.4 Introduction to spatial decision problem, decision sport system, overview of internet GIS, location based services

Unit –2
2.1 Data models: Concept and types, Raster data model, Vector data model
2.2 Data input: methods, data quality, data errors, data editing
2.3 Databases: Database concepts, development, implementation and design
2.4 Database management system (DBMS): Network DBMS, Hierarchical DBMS, Relational DBMS, object oriented DBMS

Unit –3
3.1 Introduction to interpolation, types of interpolation: thiessen polygons, inverse distance, weighted splines and krigging.
3.2 Geospatial analysis: introduction, vector-based analysis and raster-based analysis
3.3 Digital Elevation Model (DEM): definition, methods of development, and applications of DEM
3.4 Network analysis: concept and models

Unit – 4
4.1 Basic concepts of Global Positioning System (GPS), accuracy and error corrections in GPS
4.2 Fundamental of mobile mapping, application of GPS in resources surveys and mapping
4.3 Concept of absolute and differential global positioning system
4.4 Types of GPS receivers, GPS satellite signal, GPS data, error correction techniques in GPS

Unit – 5
5.1 Utility mapping using GIS, land suitability analysis
5.2 GIS for environmental impact analysis (EIA)
5.3 Disaster vulnerability analysis (landslide hazard zonation)
5.4 Geospatial modeling: introduction, importance and techniques, land degradation modelling

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
Geographic Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment. Burrough, P.A.: Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems, Michael N. Demers: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Fundamentals of Spatial Information Systems, Laurini, R and Thompson, D.: Academic Press London
Exploring Spatial Analysis In Geographical Information Systems, Chou, Y. H.: Onward Press, New Mexico, US
International Journal of Geographical Information Systems
ESRI Map book: GIS the Language of Geography by ESRI-USA ESRI-2004
Satellite Geodesy: Gunter Seeba

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COURSE NO. PSRSGPC – 404
TITLES: PRACTICALS RELATING TO COURSE No. PSRSGTC-401 and PSRSGTC-402
Maximum Marks: 100 Credit: 4 Time allowed: 4 hours

• Urban land use mapping
• Determination and delineation of settlement – Urban, rural
• Highway, canal, sewage alignment
• Land use change detection
• Forest fire risk generation
• Pollution determination studies
• Identification of land slides
• Hazard zonation mapping
• Mapping of mining areas to identify the overburdens and land degradation
• Impact assessment of road construction, site identification for setting of industries etc.

PROJECT WORK

• To carry out project work on a problem based on Remote Sensing and GIS application in the available Infrastructures in their own Institution or one of the national Remote Sensing Institutes/ laboratories /GIS Companies etc. to get aquainted with various image processing and GIS softwares.